Ölüdeniz is a small resort village in the Muğla Province on the South West coast of Turkey on the Aegean Sea to the south and the high, steep sided Babadağ Mountain, 14 km south of Fethiye. The town is a beach resort.
Olu Deniz remains one of the most photographed beaches on the Mediterranean. It has a secluded sandy bay at the mouth of Olu Deniz, on a blue lagoon.[1] The lagoon is a national nature reserve and building is strictly prohibited. Olu Deniz is famous for its shades of turquoise and aquamarine, and is an official blue flag beach, and is frequently rated among the top 5 beaches in the world by Travelers and Tourism Journals alike. The resort is also famous for its paragliding opportunities. It is regarded as one of the best places in the world to paraglide due to its unique panoramic views, and the Baba Dag mountains exceptional height
Paragliding (known in Greece, France, Spain and Portugal as parapente - παραπέντε or αλεξίπτωτο πλαγιάς in Greek) is a recreational and competitive flying sport. A paraglider is a free-flying, foot-launched aircraft. The pilot sits in a harness suspended below a fabric wing, whose shape is formed by the pressure of air entering vents in the front of the wing.
Equipment
Land-based practice: Catching a wind.
Land-based practice: Catching a wind.
Parafoil fully up in land-based practice.
Parafoil fully up in land-based practice.
The paraglider wing (or ‘canopy’ or parafoil) is a self-inflating structure consisting of a row of cells, most of them open at the front and all of them closed at the back, joined together side by side. Moving through the air keeps them inflated as air enters in the front but can't get out the back. In cross-section, the cells form an aerofoil shape to produce lift, just like an airplane wing.
The pilot is supported underneath the wing from a web of lines (each with the strength to support the pilot). The lines are then attached to strap-like risers that are attached to the pilot's harness.
Controls held in the pilot’s hands, which pull down the trailing edge (rear portion) of the wing, are used to control speed and to turn.
The pilot is strapped into the bucket-seat harness, which usually holds a reserve parachute, and includes a ‘speed system’ which pulls down the leading edge for maximum flying speed. Modern recreational harnesses have a foam or air-bag back protector.
Paraglider wings typically have an area of 25–35 m² with a span of 8–12 m, and weigh 3–7 kg. Combined weight of wing, harness, reserve, instruments, helmet etc is around 12–18 kg.
Glide ratio ranges from 6:1 for recreational paragliders to about 10:1 for modern competition paragliders (compared with an average of 15:1 for hang gliders and up to 60:1 for some sailplanes), and speed range is typically 20–65 km/h (stall speed – max speed): though safe flying range is smaller.
Modern paraglider wings are made of high-performance non-porous fabrics such as Porcher Sport & Gelvenor, with Dyneema/Spectra or Kevlar/Aramid lines.
For storage and carrying, the wing is folded into the harness seat, and the whole stored in a backpack (which is normally stowed in the harness in flight). Recent developments in light-weight harness design include the ability to turn the harness inside out such that it becomes the backpack removing the need for a second storage system.
Tandem paragliders, designed to carry the pilot and one passenger, are larger but otherwise similar. They usually have higher trim speeds (fly faster), are more resistant to collapses and have a slightly higher sink rate compared to solo paragliders.
Parachutes including skydiving canopies are generally used for descending purposes (i.e. jumping out of an aircraft or for dropping cargo) while paragliders are generally used for ascending. Paragliders are categorized as "ascending" parachutes by canopy manufacturers worldwide and involve "free flying" (without a tether). However Paragliders can sometimes be tethered for a short period during towing to get airborne.
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Flying
Take off from a ramp, Tegelberg, Schwangau, Germany.
Take off from a ramp, Tegelberg, Schwangau, Germany.
Paragliding in Solang Valley, India.
Paragliding in Solang Valley, India.
In unpowered flight, rising air is needed to keep a glider aloft. This rising air can come from two sources:
when the sun heats features on the ground, columns of rising air known as thermals are generated
when wind encounters a ridge in the landscape, the air is forced upwards, providing ridge lift.
In mountainous environments, flying is mostly based around thermals, which can be used to stay aloft before heading for a landing field below the launch site. In hill environments, ridge lift is used for ridge soaring, and landing can be done either back at the launch site, or at a landing field at the bottom of the ridge. In either case, more experienced pilots can use thermals to go ‘cross country’.
Ridge soaring
In ridge soaring, pilots fly along the length of a ridge feature in the landscape, relying on the lift provided by the air which is forced up as it passes over the ridge.
Ridge soaring is highly dependent on a steady wind within a defined range (the suitable range depends on the performance of the wing and the skill of the pilot). Too little wind, and insufficient lift is available to stay airborne (pilots end up ‘scratching’ along the slope). With more wind, gliders can fly well above and forward of the ridge, but too much wind, and there is a risk of being ‘blown back’ over the ridge.
When ridge soaring, it is usually possible to either ‘top land’ or ‘slope land’ close to the launch site, which saves time returning from a landing site back to the launch site.
Thermal flying
When the sun warms the ground, it will warm some features more than others (such as rock-faces or large buildings), and these set off thermals which rise through the air. Sometimes these may be a simple rising column of air; more often, they are blown sideways in the wind, and will break off from the source, with a new thermal forming later.
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Once a pilot finds a thermal, he or she begins to fly in a circle, trying to center the circle on the strongest part of the thermal (the "core"), where the air is rising the fastest. Most pilots use a ‘vario’ (vario-altimeter), which indicates climb rate with beeps and/or a visual display, to help ‘core-in’ on a thermal.
Coring: The technique to "core" a thermal is simple: turn tighter as lift decreases, and turn less as lift increases. This ensures you are always flying around the core.
Often there is strong sink surrounding thermals, and there is often also strong turbulence resulting in wing collapses as a pilot tries to enter a strong thermal. Once inside a thermal, shear forces reduce somewhat and the lift tends to become smoother.
Good thermal flying is a skill which takes time to learn, but a good pilot can often "core" a thermal all the way to cloud base.
Cross-country flying
Paragliders in the air at Torrey Pines Gliderport
Paragliders in the air at Torrey Pines Gliderport
Once the skills of using thermals to gain altitude have been mastered, pilots can glide from one thermal to the next to go ‘cross-country’ (‘XC’). Having gained altitude in a thermal, a pilot glides down to the next available thermal. Potential thermals can be identified by land features which typically generate thermals, or by cumulus clouds which mark the top of a rising column of warm, humid air as it reaches the dew point and condenses to form a cloud. In many flying areas, cross-country pilots also need an intimate familiarity with air law, flying regulations, aviation maps indicating restricted airspace, etc.
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Launching- landing
Video clip: Launch for ridge soaring on Mam Tor, UK (1MB ogg/theora) (info) (help)
Video clip: Launch for ridge soaring on Mam Tor, UK (1MB ogg/theora) (info) (help)
Paraglider towed launch, Mirosławice, Poland.
Paraglider towed launch, Mirosławice, Poland.
As with all aircraft, launching and landing are done into wind (though in mountain flying, it is possible to launch in nil wind and glide out to the first thermal).
In low winds, the wing is inflated with a ‘forward launch’, where the pilot runs forward so that the air pressure generated by the forward movement inflates the wing.
In higher winds, particularly ridge soaring, a ‘reverse launch’ is used, with the pilot facing the wing to bring it up into a flying position, then turning under the wing to complete the launch.
Reverse launches have a number of advantages over a forward launch. It is more straight forward to inspect the wing and check the lines are free as it leaves the ground. In the presence of wind, the pilot can be tugged toward the wing and facing the wing makes it easier to resist this force, and safer in case the pilot slips (as opposed to being dragged backwards). These launches are normally attempted with a reasonable wind speed making the ground speed required to pressurise the wing much lower - the pilot is initially launching while walking backwards as opposed to running forward.
In flatter countryside, pilots can also be launched with a tow. Once at full height, the pilot pulls a release cord and the towline falls away. This requires separate training, as flying on a winch has quite different characteristics from free flying. In many countries only towing from a stationary winch is permitted: ‘static’ towing, with a fixed length towline attached to a car, is far more dangerous.
Landing involves lining up for an approach into wind, and just before touching down, ‘flaring’ the wing to minimise forward speed. The angle of approach to the landing zone will depend on wind speed. Landing will typically be at a gentle forward run.
Control of the glider
Speedbar mechanism.
Speedbar mechanism.
The pilot holds controls in each hand which pull down the trailing edge of the wing. Pulling down the trailing edge increases the angle of attack of the wing from its ‘trim’ (hands-off) position, which slows it down and increases the lift generated (like flaps on an aircraft wing). Turning is achieved by a combination of pulling down the control on one side and ‘weight shift’ within the harness. Faster than ‘trim’ speed can be achieved by pushing out a ‘speedbar’ with the feet, which pulls down the leading edge to reduce the angle of attack.
On occasions when it is necessary to lose height more rapidly, the tips of the wing can be ‘folded in’, in what is known as ‘big ears’. This reduces the flying area of the wing, and increases the amount of drag, causing the glider to descend at a greater rate than in normal flight.
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In more extreme conditions, other manoeuvres such as ‘b-line stalls’ and spiral dives can be used, but most pilots avoid getting themselves into situations where these are required.
Collapses
In turbulent air, since the wing is not rigid, part or all of the wing can collapse. On modern recreational wings, such collapses will normally recover themselves without pilot intervention. For the rare case where it is not possible to recover from a collapse (or from other threatening situations such as a spin), most pilots carry a reserve parachute. Thankfully, most pilots never have cause to ‘throw’ their reserve. In case the collapse happens near ground, i.e. shortly after takeoff or just before landing, the collapse may not recover even with pilot intervention and there will not be enough time for throwing the reserve. Those cases can result in serious injury or death. Collapses and other hazards are minimized by flying a suitable glider, and choosing appropriate locations and weather conditions, for the pilot's skill and experience.
Sports/competitive flying
Some pilots like to stretch themselves beyond recreational flying. For such pilots, there are multiple disciplines available:
* Cross-country leagues – annual leagues of the greatest distance ‘XC’ flying
* "Comps" – competitive flying based around completing a number of tasks such as flying around set waypoints
* Accuracy – spot landing competitions where pilots land on targets the size of jam-jar lids
* "Acro" – aero-acrobatic manoeuvres and stunt flying; heart stopping tricks such as helicopters, wing-overs, synchro spirals, infinity tumbles, and so on.
* National/international records – despite continually improving gliders, these become ever more difficult to achieve; aside from longest distance and highest altitude, examples include distance to declared goal, distance over triangular course, speed over 100 km triangular course, etc.
Competitive flying is done on high performance wings which demand far more skill to fly than their recreational counterparts, but which are far more responsive and offer greater feedback to the pilot, as well as flying faster with better glide ratios.
World Air Games
Instruments
Most pilots use varios and radios when flying; some more advanced pilots also use GPS units.
Vario
Vario-altimeter
Vario-altimeter
Birds are highly sensitive to atmospheric pressure, and can tell when they are in rising or sinking air. People can sense the acceleration when they first hit a thermal, but cannot detect the difference between constant rising air and constant sinking air, so turn to technology to help.
A variometer indicates climb-rate (or sink-rate) with audio signals (beeps which increase in pitch and tempo as you accelerate upwards and a droning sound which gets deeper as your descent rate increases) and/or a visual display. It also shows altitude: either above takeoff, above sea level, or (at higher altitudes) "flight level".
The main purpose of a vario is in helping a pilot find and stay in the "core" of a thermal to maximise height gain, and conversely indicating when he or she is in sinking air, and needs to find rising air.
2m-band radio
2m-band radio
Radio
Pilots use radio for training purposes, for communicating with other pilots in the air, particularly when travelling together on cross-country flights, and for reporting the location of landing.
Radios used are PTT (push-to-talk) transceivers, normally operating in or around the FM VHF 2-metre band (144–148 MHz) (Note that transmitting in the 144-148 MHz band requires a ham radio licence in some countries.) Usually a microphone is incorporated in the helmet, and the PTT switch is either fixed to the outside of the helmet, or strapped to a finger.
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GPS
GPS (global positioning system) is a necessary accessory when flying competitions, where it has to be demonstrated that way-points have been correctly passed.
It can also be interesting to view a GPS track of a flight when back on the ground, to analyze flying technique. Computer software is available which allows various different analyses of GPS tracks (e.g. CompeGPS, See You).
Other uses include being able to determine drift due to the prevailing wind when flying at altitude, providing position information to allow restricted airspace to be avoided, and identifying one’s location for retrieval teams after landing-out in unfamiliar territory.
More recently, the use of GPS data, linked to a computer, has enabled pilots to share 3D tracks of their flights on Google Earth. This fascinating insight allows comparisons between competing pilots to be made in a detailed 'post-flight' analysis.
Safety
Paragliding is perhaps often viewed as a higher-risk sport than it actually is. Nonetheless, there is great potential for injury for the reckless or ill-prepared.
Most pilots will try to stay clear of:
* overly ‘active’ thermic conditions – harsh thermals can induce collapses in the wing, which require skill and experience to manage
* excessively windy conditions – landing can become dangerous, and if a glider is blown back behind a ridge where there is no longer rising air, it can encounter ‘rotor’, or turbulent air, which can collapse the wing – generally below the height at which a reserve parachute can be deployed
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* cu-nimbs – cumulo-nimbus clouds are fed by massive thermals which rise faster than a paraglider can lose height, and can push a pilot deep into enormously turbulent, blind clouds
* hazardous landing conditions – in the lee of large trees or buildings there is ‘rotor’ which can collapse a wing; but among the greatest dangers are power lines
* reckless pilots – a danger to others, as well as themselves
Safety precautions include pre-flight checks, flying helmets, harnesses with back protection (foam or air-bag), a reserve parachute, and careful pre-launch observation of other pilots in the air to evaluate conditions.
For pilots who want to stretch themselves into more challenging conditions, advanced ‘SIV’ (simulation d’incidents de vol, or simulation of flying incidents) courses are available which teach pilots how to cope with hazardous situations which can arise in flight. Through tuition over radio (above a lake), pilots deliberately induce major collapses, stalls, spins, etc, in order to learn procedures for recovering from them. (As mentioned above, modern recreational wings will recover from minor collapses without intervention).
While fatalities and freak accidents do occur, most properly-trained, responsible pilots suffer nothing worse than possible minor injuries – particularly twisted ankles and back injuries – and an occasional pounding heart.
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Learning to fly
Most popular paragliding regions have a number of schools, generally registered with and/or organized by national associations. Certification systems vary widely between countries, though around 10 days instruction to basic certification is standard.
Flying above Stubaital, Austria
Flying above Stubaital, Austria
There are several key components to a paragliding pilot certification instruction program. Initial training for beginning pilots usually begins with some amount of ground school to discuss the basics, including elementary theories of flight as well as basic structure and operation of the paraglider.
Students then learn how to control the glider on the ground, practicing take-offs and controlling the wing 'overhead'. Low, gentle hills are next where students get their first short flights, flying at very low altitudes, to get used to the handling of the wing over varied terrain. Special winches can be used to tow the glider to low altitude in areas that have no hills readily available.
As their skills progress, students move on to steeper/higher hills (or higher winch tows), making longer flights, and learning to turn the glider, control the glider's speed, then moving on to 360° turns, spot landings, ‘big ears’ (used to increase the rate of descent for the paraglider), and other more advanced techniques. Training instructions are often provided to the student via radio, particularly during the first flights.
A third key component to a complete paragliding instructional program provides substantial background in the key areas of meteorology, aerology, aviation law, and general flight area etiquette.
To give prospective pilots a chance to determine if they would like to proceed with a full pilot training program, most schools offer tandem flights, in which an experienced instructor pilots the paraglider with the prospective pilot as a passenger.
Most recognised courses lead to a national licence and an internationally recognised International Pilot Proficiency Information/Identification card. The IPPI specifies five stages of paragliding proficiency, from the entry level ParaPro 1 to the most advance stage 5.
World records
The current (as of December 2006) world distance record of 426 km was set by two Slovenian brothers, Aljaz and Urban Valic, at De Aar, South Africa, on the 7th of December 2006. The Slovenian born Valic brothers travelled to South Africa in the middle of November 2006 with the specific goal to achieve a world record in terms of a declared goal. Despite tough and very strong conditions, and after spending 6 and half hours in the air, both brothers made the declared goal, and had enough height and time to continue to fly further, eventually landing within 300 meters of each other, setting a new world distance record of 426km. The two brothers flew at over 5200 meters above sea level.
The previous world distance record of 423 km was set by Will Gadd, Canada, on the 21st of June 2002. He tow-launched near Zapata, Texas, USA, and landed near Ozona, Texas just under 11 hours later. There is a story about the flight here.
The official world record for gain of height is held by Robbie Whittall, England, who gained 4526 m on January 6, 1993 in Brandvlei, South Africa.
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Other records can be seen on the FAI site
History
In 1954, the prescient Walter Neumark foresaw (in an article in Flight magazine) a time when a glider pilot would be “able to launch himself by running over the edge of a cliff or down a slope … whether on a rock-climbing holiday in Skye or ski-ing in the Alps”.
In 1961, the French engineer Pierre Lemoigne produced improved parachute designs which led to the Para-Commander (‘PC’), which had cut-outs at the rear and sides which enabled it to be towed into the air and steered – leading to parasailing/parascending.
Sometimes credited with the greatest development in parachutes since Leonardo da Vinci, the American Domina Jalbert invented in 1964 a rectangular parafoil which had sectioned cells in an aerofoil shape; an open leading edge and a closed trailing edge, inflated by passage through the air – the so-called ‘ram-air’ design.
Walter Neumark shortly afterwards wrote the wonderfully entitled Operating Procedures for Ascending Parachutes, and he and a group of enthusiasts with a passion for tow-launching ‘PCs’ and ram-air parachutes eventually broke away from the British Parachute Association to form the British Association of Parascending Clubs (BAPC) in 1973.
Meanwhile, David Barish was developing the ‘Sail Wing’ for recovery of NASA space capsules – “slope soaring was a way of testing out … the Sail Wing”. After tests on Hunter Mountain, New York in September 1965, he went on to promote ‘slope soaring’ as a summer activity for ski resorts (apparently without great success).
(NASA probably originated the term ‘paraglider’ in the early 1960’s, and ‘paragliding’ was first used in the early 1970’s to describe foot-launching of gliding parachutes).
These threads were pulled together in June 1978 by three friends Jean-Claude Bétemps, André Bohn and Gérard Bosson from Haute-Savoie, France. After inspiration from an article on ‘slope soaring’ in the Parachute Manual magazine by parachutist & publisher Dan Poynter, they calculated that on a suitable slope, a ‘square’ ram-air parachute could be inflated by running down the slope; Bétemps launched from Pointe du Pertuiset, Mieussy, and flew 100 m. Bohn followed him and glided down to the football pitch in the valley 1000 metres below. ‘Parapente’ (pente being French for slope) was born.
Through the 1980’s and since, it has been a story of constantly improving equipment and ever greater numbers of paragliding pilots. The first World Championship was held in Kössen, Austria in 1989.
Pilot numbers
Numbers of actively flying pilots can only be a rough estimate, but France is believed to have the largest number, at around 25,000. Next most active flying countries are Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Japan, and Korea, at around 10,000 – 20,000, followed by Italy, the UK, and Spain with around 5,000 – 10,000. The USA has around 4,500. (All as of 2004).
Comparison with Hang gliders
Paragliding and hang gliding are closely related sports: foot-launched gliders with flexible wings, with options for tow launching and for powered flight and there is sometimes confusion about the differences. Beyond sport definitions and sporting association class definitions, there is a perspective that simply treats paragliders as a proper subset of hang gliders (as an over class of aircraft apart from the influence of sporting classes).
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The main differences between the two proper subsets of generalized hang gliders are:
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Paragliders Hang gliders
Wing structure: entirely flexible, with shape maintained purely by the pressure of air flowing into the wing in flight and the tension of the lines supported on a rigid frame which determines its shape and thus does not collapse in turbulence
Pilot position: sitting ‘supine’ in a seated harness usually lying ‘prone’ in a cocoon-like harness suspended from the wing. Seated, and 'supine' are also possible
Speed range (stall speed – max speed): slower – hence easier to launch and fly in light winds, can get into trouble when winds pick up, poor wind penetration and no pitch control, cannot dive for speed faster – much faster, up to 90+ mph, hence easier to launch and fly in stronger conditions with better wind penetration, and can out run bad weather, full pitch control
Glide angle: poorer glide performance makes long-distances more difficult better glide performance enables longer-distance flying, 430+ mile records
Landing-out: smaller space needed to land, offering more landing options from cross-country flights. Also easier to carry back to the nearest road longer approach & landing area required, but can reach more landing areas due superior glide range
Learning: quicker to get ‘into the air’ with most skills learned in the air; flying tandem with an instructor is rarely necessary during instruction basic control skills are learned in ground school, and in flights close to the ground prior to high flights;
Convenience: pack smaller (easier to transport and store); lighter (easier to carry); quicker to rig & de-rig more awkward to transport & store; longer to rig & de-rig
Cost: cheaper but less durable more expensive but more durable
Turkey Sailing
One of the most memorable ways of spending a holiday in Turkey is to sail along the delightful pine-forested coast, in and out of any one of a hundred picturesque coves dotted with the remains of ancient cities. That seems idyllic and fantastic but it is possible to find spots like these in the more than 8,000 km of coastline in Turkey.
Turkey's coast is a treasure chest of coves, inlets and bays from which yachtsmen can choose a different 'taste of paradise' each night.
Sailing in Turkey also allows you to experience a truly enriching cultural exchange with the hospitable people of the coastal villages and towns.
The tempered winds which generally blow from the west and northwest make the long summers ideal for yachting.
Fortunately, Turkey's modern facilities and comforts have not overshadowed her ancient hospitality and slower pace of life. The pleasure of yachting in Turkey will tempt you back again and again, to explore yet another stretch of coast and to relive the luxurious ease of life on the sea.
Sailing along the southwest coast of Turkey between Kusadasi and Antalya is known as a Blue Cruise. Opting for the full cruise will take you to the following: Kusadasi, Didyma, Gulluk, Bodrum, Gokova Bay, Cnidos, Datca, Turunc, Marmaris, Dalyan, Fethiye, Kalkan, Kas, Ugagiz, Demre, Finike, Phaselis and Antalya. You may want to stop off at some Greek Aegean islands on route. The whole trip from Kusadasi to Antalya takes around a month and this is why we have divided it into sections that can be done from 3 to 6 days. Although we have provided our own favorite itineraries do feel free to suggest alternatives. Once in Turkey everything is possible!!
The description of the coast and the sites will help you to choose the spot of the Turkish coast you would like to visit.
Kusadasi is known in Turkey as a main holiday center. Once known as Scala Nova, the town boasts wonderful seafood restaurants, cafes, great shopping areas, beautiful parks and sandy beaches.
From Kusadasi, you can easily visit the ancient site of Ephesus and the House of Virgin Mary, a highlight of any visit to Turkey.
South of Kusadasi, the beautiful waters of the Dilek Peninsula National Park welcome yachtsmen into its serene inlets and coves.
Another site worth seeing sailing towards Bodrum is the Temple of Apollo at Didim, one of the most sacred places of antiquity. Many times looted and burned, the sanctuary still impresses with its elegant beauty.
GULF OF GULLUK
Just after Didim, the Gulluk Gulf can provide a whole vacation in itself with four large natural bays and numerous coves and inlets. The whole area has excellent moorings, and scuba divers will be particularly interested in exploring these waters. In Iassos you can visit more sites and take advantage of one of the many excellent local restaurants for a wonderful fish lunch. As you sail out of this beautiful gulf, the Bodrum Peninsula welcomes you.
This route can also be followed from Bodrum going north. In that case we suggest the itinerary be Bodrum-Didim-Bodrum stopping in all the sites described above.
OUR STARTING POINT: BODRUM
Bodrum, on the north shore of the Gulf of Gokova, is the undisputed "hot spot" of the Aegean Coast. This swinging, singing, dancing town, with its bohemian atmosphere, gathers together Turkish and international artists, intellectuals and lovers of the good life. A lovely week on the coast between Bodrum and Marmaris allows you to visit any of the places mentioned in the two sections below.
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GULF OF GOKOVA
A yachting tour of the Gulf of Gokova starts in Bodrum. The best time to sail from Bodrum is in the early hours on the morning when the heat and crowds have not yet dissipated the freshness of the air. The Gulf itself can provide you with enough sites and bays for a whole week or even more. The translucent and deep waters of the Gulf on the southern shore of the Bodrum Peninsula vary from the darkest blue to the palest turquoise, and the coastline is thickly wooded with every hue of green. In the evening, the sea reflects the mountains silhouetted against the setting sun, while at night it shimmers with phosphorescence.
About 9 miles east of Bodrum is Orak Island, an islet of bare rock and thorny shrubs that seem to float in the clear morning light. Cokertme is another wonderful place to stop, a charming fishing hamlet, perfect for a fish lunch and famous for its hand-made carpets.
Camalti Cove is a delightful location for swimming and for a nice half-hour's hike that will take you to Oren, an old village that co-exists with the strange and evocative ruins of ancient Ceramus.
Akbuk is one of the best anchorages in the area, enclosed within splendidly rich scenery and hidden behind a forested promontory. The excellent cozy restaurants are as good a reason as any to linger for a tasty meal after an afternoon of snorkeling and diving.
Sedir Island, popularly known as Cleopatra’s Island, is the site of ancient Cedreae. This island boasts an incredible beach with fine sand composed of fossils and a magnificent view of the Kiran Mountains across the bay. It is one of the most enjoyable sites to visit, the ruins of Cedreae whilst of a modest size are overrun with shrubbery and olive trees set in the gentle protected waters and offering a selection of breathtaking views. Many a guide book suggests that you take your evening cocktail to the theater at sunset to experience an atmosphere not found in many places, not everyone takes the advice so don’t worry about it being too crowded.
As you sail along the island’s south-western coast, forests stretch out to meet the deep inlets of the bays. The jagged coastline, known as the Bay of Sixty-six Inlets, has an almost surreal appearance as though it were the imaginary scenery in the oft-told tales of pirates. Numerous coves and little bays offer such incredible anchorages as Sogut Cove with it’s freshwater stream, Kers Cove and Degirmanbuku, also known as "English Harbour" in memory of an English fleet which took refuge here from pursuing German warships during World War II.
Another interesting place in the gulf is the Seven Islands, a group of, surprisingly, four islets forming an exquisite harbor of translucent sea and rich aquatic life.
GULF OF HISARONU
The Gulf of Hisaronu hosts several very important ancient sites on the Turquoise Coast. At the end of the Datca Peninsula stands the ancient Carian city of Cnidos, described by Strabo as "a city that was built for the most beautiful of goddesses, Aphrodite, on the most beautiful of peninsulas."
There are many other bays and coves on the coast whilst sailing from Cnidos to Datca. Palamut Cove, Hayit Cove, Ova Cove, Parmak Cove, Kargi Bay… everyone of them inviting and beautiful.
The town of Datca has become a popular stop-over for yachtsmen, and offers many colorful seafood restaurants, pubs and discotheques.
Keci Buku Bay is rich in natural beauty: surrounded by mountains and forests, with a natural sand formation resembling a sunken pier.
On leaving the Gulf of Hisaronu we find hidden away in its own exclusive inlet the town of Bozburun, famous as one of the gullet-building centers of Turkey. If you visit the area during the summer months you can probably see the team of American and Turkish archaeologist that are excavating a 9th century Byzantine shipwreck very close to the little town of Selimiye.
Loryma, at the tip of the Bozburun Peninsula where the ruins of the ancient harbor and castle remain can only be reached by boat. Kumlubuku, a turquoise paradise, lies on the southern side of the bay; on the north side, above the water, stands the ancient Rhodian city of Amos. At Turunc a natural harbor opens out into a wide expanse of spectacular blue water. From this point you can return to Bodrum or complete your tour at Marmaris.
Ancient Marmaris, Physicus, was an important stage on the Anatolia-Rhodes-Egypt trade route. The city's museum is placed in the 16th century citadel, built by Suleyman the Magnificent. Pine forests cover the mountains which surround Marmaris, the shore line being a white line of sand and rock which separates green from blue. The beach areas sparkle providing visitors with a perfect opportunity to dive, snorkel and swim in relaxing conditions.
The shopping district of Marmaris abounds with colorful bazaars and markets. You can find leather, copper and brass wares, jewelry and onyx carvings amongst many other objects. Turkish carpets, textiles and embroidery make good handcrafted souvenirs, and the locally produced pine-scented honey is superb.
The Marmaris Netsel Marina: one of the largest and best-equipped marinas in Turkey, and the Marmaris Albatros Marina make Marmaris (together with Bodrum) one of the finest starting/ending points for the Blue Voyage on the Aegean Coast.
At Ekincik, a delightful yacht-mooring, you can enjoy the breathtaking beauty of this area and the friendly hospitality of its people.
Delikli Island lies right off the coast, southeast of Ekincik. Yachtsmen enjoy a change of pace when they anchor at the island and take a smaller craft excursion into the Dalyan Delta. The Delta, with a long, golden sandy beach at its mouth, is a nature-conservation area and a refuge for sea turtles (Caretta Caretta) and blue crabs. At a bend in the river, high on the cliff face above, you can see the fascinating ancient harbor city of Kaunos, with its magnificent Roman tombs carved into the rock.
The Gulf of Gocek, with the friendly Club Marina set in a yet another beautiful pine forest, is one of the Mediterranean's best sailing spots. Dotted with islands and indented with many coves, its land and seascapes are irresistible. The ruins of Arymaxa, an ancient city at the southern tip of the gulf, lie at the edge of the azure waters. Opposite, on Tersane Island, stand Byzantine ruins, including those of the ancient shipyards. From the Gulf of Gocek sail on into Fethiye.
GULF OF FETHIYE: SAIL TO THE PIRATES' HEAVEN
The Gulf of Fethiye is synonymous with ancient Lycia . The secrets of the ancient gods of mythology still lie hidden in the secluded coves and bays around the Gulf of Fethiye. This is truly paradise for those who want to sail in what has been called the pirates' heaven since the 14th century B.C..
The resort town of Fethiye has an impressive marina and overlooks a beautiful bay strewn with colorful islands.
Above the town, called Telmessos in antiquity, numerous Lycian rock tombs, reproducing the facades of ancient buildings, were cut into the cliff face. Explore the Belcegiz Bay and the beautiful Blue Lagoon (Olu Deniz), where the calm, crystal-clear water is ideal for swimming and other water-sports. Gemiler Island is an isolated wild place where Byzantine ruins lie tucked among the pines.
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LYCIAN SITES
Mythology records that Apollo was born at Patara, a principal harbor of ancient Lycia, south of Letoon and Xanthos. The ruins are numerous and fascinating. Its twenty-two kilometers of pure white sand stretch as far as the eye can see, making it a natural choice for all types of beach sports.
KALKAN BAY
A short sail to the east brings you to Kalkan, a lovely small hilltop town that overlooks a tiny bay. Narrow, winding streets lined with souvenir shops lead down to the charming marina.
The coast between Kas and Antalya
(5-7 days)
Kas lies wedged between mountains and sea. Kas, once ancient Antiphellus, still exhibits a few remains of the old settlement. An ancient theatre on the peninsula is within walking distance of the town. Not very far from Kas the oldest shipwreck ever known, Uluburun, has been excavated by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology.
GULF OF KEKOVA
Kekova, "the home of the sun" for some, "the island of the partridges" for others, is an island, as well as the name of a whole ensemble of picturesque islands, numerous bays and ancient cities. These bays provide natural harbors in all seasons, and yachtsmen particularly enjoy exploring the unspoiled landscapes. Along the northern shore of Kekova Island, earthquakes have disturbed the land causing some of the ancient houses to sink under the clear water, creating a sunken city. Kalekoy Castle (ancient Simena) offers a bird's-eye view of the bays, inlets, islands and colorful yachts, sailing peacefully on the glassy water. Kekova provides an incredible setting with blue skies, orange sunsets, starry nights, playful dolphins, mythological mysteries, and the sparkling sea, all set in peace and tranquility.
FINIKE AREA
At Demre (Kale), the ancient Myra (25 km west of Finike), many splendidly carved rock tombs overlook the magnificent Roman theatre. You can also visit the tomb of St. Nicholas (Santa Claus) who was the bishop of this Mediterranean city during the fourth century and died here in 342. An official entry port, Finike is surrounded by citrus trees and gardens.
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GULF OF ANTALYA
Slipping around the Kirlangic Peninsula brings you into the Gulf of Antalya. The first site you come to is the ancient city of Olympos, on the southern side of Mt. Tahtali (Mt. Olympos), which you can approach by land as well as by sea and where you can visit the eternal fires (Chimarea)
Alexander the Great's favorite winter resort was at Phaselis, the famous ancient commercial harbor north of Olympos. From the south of the harbor, look up at Mt. Tahtali for a spectacular view. Sail on to Kemer, a resort town carefully designed to blend in with the surrounding scenery, that offers an ideal environment for a wonderful holiday. The fully equipped Kemer Turban Marina has all the facilities a yachtsmen can need. With the boat taken care of he/she can enjoy the unspoiled bays and beaches south of the town. Shoppers will delight at the wonderful range of high-quality souvenirs. April is the month of the colorful Kemer Carnival. Also in the spring are the yacht races between Kemer and Girne in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Turkey travel is highly popular with travel info and travel information for villas, a rental villa, that is fully maintained and in the sun in Turkey is ideal for all the family having fun in the sun. Turkey rental villas are ideal for all the family, as is all property in Turkey. Turkey villas and overseas property that is luxury accommodation and a rental in Turkey means that you can book a Turkish holiday online and see villa online or even villas online. If you are holidaying in Turkey or a Turkish resort then renting a luxury villa holiday renatls is ideal. Villa accommodation that is self catering, or non self catering, that is at olu deniz, oludeniz, ovacik, kayakoy, kaya village, hisaronu, fethiye, can be fun and a happy family occasion. The resorts of olu deniz, oludeniz, ovacik, kayakoy, kaya village, hisaronu, fethiye are the best to obtain Turkey rental villas for the family, as is all property in Turkey. Turkey villas and overseas property that is luxury accommodation and a rental in Turkey means that you can book a Turkish holiday online and see villa online or even villas online and are located in olu deniz, oludeniz, ovacik, kayakoy, kaya village, hisaronu, fethiye. However staying at olu deniz, oludeniz, ovacik, kayakoy, kaya village, hisaronu, fethiye is a magical experience as the beaches are excellent, sunny, cool, fun, enjoyable and in particular the beaches at olu deniz, oludeniz, ovacik, kayakoy, kaya village, hisaronu, fethiye are the best on the dalmatian coastline. If however you are staying at olu deniz, oludeniz, ovacik, kayakoy, kaya village, hisaronu, fethiye then http://www.turkey-villas-rental.co.uk is the place to go to find the best Villa accommodation that is self catering, or non self catering, that is at olu deniz, oludeniz, ovacik, kayakoy, kaya village, hisaronu, fethiye, can be fun and a happy family occasion.
Sailing around this coast towards Antalya will give you a glimpse of some of Turkey's most modern and luxurious holiday villages. The ancient Attaleia, named after King Attalus II of Pergamon, Antalya was founded in the 2nd century B.C.. Today palm-lined boulevards, beautiful parks, historical buildings, monuments, museums and the picturesque old quarter Kaleici (with the Kaleici Turban and Leisure Center which has won several awards), is considered one of the most beautiful marinas in Turkey; Setur Marina, the other marina in Antalya, is, on the other hand, quiet and peaceful.
Othere RELATED iNFORMATION
While planning your trip to Turkey do not forget to check your passport if it is valid for at least 3 months. Depending on your nationality most probably your stay as a tourist is limited up to 3 months (for one entrance). More on passport, visa, customs and tax refund... Incase you loose your passport you should immediately contact your countries embassy or consulate in Turkey. More in on Foreign Embassies and Consulates in Turkey.
Incase you need specific entry information or obtain a visa for Turkey you should contact one of the embassies of Turkey abroad. More on Turkish Embassies Abroad...
Passport is not required for domestic flights within Turkey but you should have at least one legitimating document with you in case it is needed. More on domestic airline transportation...up
Turkey has travel and tourism offices abroad and around the country where you could seek for brochures and information on Turkey. More on Turkish Tourism Offices abroad...up
The complete packing list including tips what do take with you for Turkey. More on Packing list...up
If you are visiting Turkey in summer time (particularly July and August), you may need a sun hat and sun cream to protect yourself against sun burning, also people with sensitive skin should have something to cover their shoulders. If you are visiting Turkey in winter time (Dec, Jan, Feb), you will need your warm clothes as the temperature may drop down as low as -15 C (5 F) especially in the central eastern parts of Turkey. Also, bring your umbrellas and raincoats with you. More on Climate in Turkey. up
Major Credit Cards and Traveler's checks are accepted in big cities however you may need to carry some cash with you. US dollars and Euro's are also widely excepted. Turkish money is a convertible one but DO NOT exchange your money to Turkish lira's in your home town, the rate you get is much lower than what you get in Turkey. You could easily exchange money on arrival at airports or borders. More on money and exchange rates ... up
Many people in big cities could speak a foreign language. Although it might not be perfect, you could communicate. It is always useful to have a dictionary with you and learn some basic words. More on Turkish Lesson and Basic Words.... up
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Telephoning from your hotel room might be expensive, the alternative would be to use the public phones available out on the streets, or in some hotel lobbies. All you need is to buy a telephone card from Post Office (recognizable by "PTT" sign), which is in 30, 60 and 100 counters. One 30 counter card would be enough for a quick international call. More info on communication and telephones... up
Electricity : Those who use 110 V or any other than 220 V at home need a converter as Turkey has 220 V power system. Please check your electric appliances before you use them in your hotel room. Only the five stars deluxe properties would have converters so it is advised to bring one with you in case it is needed. up
Time Zone: Turkey's time zone is Eastern European Time ( +2 GMT ), More on Time zones and hour differences... up
Turkey uses the metric system as measurements. More information on measurements and converters ... up
If you are eating out in a restaurant, waiters expect some tip usually 10% of your bill, and even if it is included in your bill, you should leave it at the table separately. Tipping taxis is not necessary, they do have the taximeter, just pay the mentioned amount. up
Drink Water Although it is safe to drink tap water, it is recommended to buy bottled drink water which can be found almost everywhere at stores. The city water is chlorinated for sanitation reasons of which you might not like the smell. You can safely brush your teeth with tap water. up
Smoking is not permitted in flights, public places, most tour busses and public transportation. The Turkish people do smoke a lot , you would easily recognize that nearly 80 percent of the population smokes cigarettes. By the way Turkish tobacco is top quality and you should buy your cigarettes in Turkey as they are delicious and cheap. up
Public restrooms are available at the town centers, museums, restaurants, mosques and gas stations and usually a small service charge is expected ( 15 c. ). It is sometimes hard to find a European style (sitting closet) closet especially in rural areas. Western style can be found at gas stations and restaurants along the major tourist roads. In any case, it is advised to have your own toilet paper and Kleenex where it is unavailable at public rest rooms. The usage of the squat toilet can be summarized as follows:
Briefly, pants are rolled up to the knees, and the upper part, along with underpants, lowered to the knees. Items capable of falling are best removed beforehand; retrieving them will likely be impractical. You squat by first bending the upper part of your body forward (to maintain balance), then lower yourself by bending your legs, coming to rest quite naturally (and comfortably) on your haunches and legs. Reverse to rise. Aim is more important in squat toilets than in sit toilets, so don't fire indiscriminately.
Cleaning up is likely not to involve toilet paper, unless you brought your own. This is done using a container to bring water to your waiting left hand, which will splash it on the appropriate areas. Wash your hands when finished with soap. Now you know why the social use of the left hand is impolite in many parts of the world. If you do use paper, do not deposit it in the toilet (unless there's no plumbing involved), or you will probably clog the plumbing. There is likely to be a wastebasket handy: the soiled paper goes there. up
Traffic is running from the right in Turkey. While crossing streets in big cities, make sure that the vehicles are at a reasonable distance to allow you cross the street safely. In Turkey, cars have the privilege to use the streets. You can safely walk on the pedestrian walk ways. up
The mosques are open to everyone. You will have to leave your shoes at the entrance or carry them in your hands, women in most mosques are required to cover their heads with a scarf and naked parts of their legs and shoulders. If you don't have anything with you, they will give you some scarves at the entrance for free. Silence is required inside the mosques, it is suggested that you shouldn't laugh loudly inside as this may offend people praying. Most of the mosques are closed to visits at prayer times. Turkey is a secular country with a population that is mostly Moslem. Turkey is a secular country where religion and politics is slightly separated. The weekends are Saturdays and Sundays, while Fridays are working days, even though in the Moslem belief Friday is the holy day. More info on Religion in Turkey... up
Photographing : In some of the museums or palaces you are not allowed to take pictures or use flash, before you go in, just check if there is a sign with a camera crossed over, which means keep you camera in your hand bags, or check them in. Also, as an universal rule you are not permitted to touch any of the artifacts displayed.
Photographing the Turkish ladies in the rural areas may offend them. The procedure is, just direct your camera towards them, if they say no, or mean it with gestures, just leave it. Some people including ladies love to be photographed, and will probably give you their address hoping to receive a copy from you. up
If you are traveling independently, check which dates that the museums are open to visits. Most of the museums are closed to visits at least one day a week. Archaeological sites can be visited everyday from 9 AM to 5 PM ( this may change from summer to winter ). More on Closed days of museums ... up
Working Hours: Offices and banks are generally open 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM from Monday to Friday, with a break between 12:00 to 1:30 PM up
National- Official Holidays in Turkey:
Apr 23 National Sovereignty and Children's Day (anniversary of the establishment of Turkish Grand National Assembly)
May 19 Atatürk Commemoration and Youth & Sports Day (the arrival of Atatürk in Samsun, and the beginning of the War of Independence)
Aug 30 Victory Day (victory over invading forces in 1922)
Oct 29 Republic Day (anniversary of the declaration of the Turkish Republic)
Ramazan Bayramı- Sugar Feast :Three-day festival when sweets are eaten to celebrate the end of the fast of Ramazan. (A Moslem moveable feast) (The dates of these religious festivals change according to the Muslim lunar calendar and thus occur 12 days earlier each year.)
Kurban Bayramı- Slaughter Feast : (A Moslem moveable feast) Four-day festival when sacrificial sheep are slaughtered and their meat distributed amongst the poor, neighbors and within the family.up
Food matters, sanitation is taken seriously and strictly controlled in general by the authorities. Because of climate and food differences rarely diarrhea could occur. Do have some medicine with you against stomach upsets and diarrhea. Those who are vegetarian will be able to find vegetable food or at least omelet which is very popular in Turkey, almost in every town. The Turkish and Ottoman Kitchen is one of the world leading kitchens (Supposed to be the third after the Chinese and French). Dishes are mainly cooked of meat (lamb, chicken and cow -pork is not eaten-) and vegetables (Beans, Eggplant, Peppers, Onion, Garlic, Potatoes, Pumpkin). Rice, Macaroni , local specialties made from flour (Pide, Manti, Gozleme, Borek...), sweets (Baklava, Kadayıf, Burma, Sobiyet ...) are all widely eaten. More on Turkish Kitchen ... up
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Most of the restaurants display their food in windows, or waiters can bring the samples if you request. Also, the menu that shows available food can be found on your table, in tourist areas in English and German (Specially in South part of Turkey) as well. up
Alcohol: There is no restriction on the sale and use of Alcohol in Turkey. The famous local anis drink "Rakı" is widely consumed in Turkey. The "Rakı Culture" is sitting long hours at the dinner table, eating "meze"'s and chat with each other on regular and personal subjects. While most people prefer Rakı, wine is also famous in Turkey. The local wine production in northwest and mid Anatolia is worth to mention. Many foreigners do tell that the local beer, specially the "Efes Pilsen" brand does have a wonderful taste. You only should if possible avoid drinking in public during the month Ramadan (The vesting month). As a tourist you will not be effected from the Ramadan, the night life will continue in rural areas. More information on Beverages and Night life in Turkey... up
Villa Bryony and Ordek and located in Turkey and can be for rental Each villa is a property in Turkey, which is overseas and available to rent this apartment. Turkey villas are holiday villas that you can rent for a reasonable sum of money and as villas go, they are a superb rental rentals. Rent a villa in Turkey can be by book a Turkish holiday and be a villa online while holidaying in Turkey. Villa holidays in Turkey are luxury villas and are holiday rentals and luxury villa accommodation offering self catering villa at, olu deniz, oludeniz, ovacik, kayakoy, kaya village, hisaronu, fethiye.
Hotel guests are not allowed to bring any food and drink into hotel rooms, but in most cases, this is tolerable. A bottle of water or some fruit might be brought in to the rooms but just carry them in unvisiual bags.
In case your hotel has a swimming pool you should not take towels from your room, as towels are available at the pool free to hotel customers.
Don't forget to return your hotel room keys before your departure, this may cost the innocent hotel receptionists a lot....
Some of the hotels have energy saving systems. You may need to insert the metal part attached to your room key in a slot , which is usually just around the entrance. When you remove it from the slot, all electric appliances including air-conditioning will automatically turn off. If you would like to leave your a/c on, separate the key from metal attachment and leave the metal in the slot while you can take the key with you. up
Turkey is one of the safest countries in the world to travel, but some rare instances of theft and robbery happen in big cities. Just leave your valuable stuff, spare money and passport at hotel safety box. Almost every hotel has a safety box service free to hotel customers. Click to learn what to do incase you loose your passport... up
The pavements are high and there may be some holes, steps up or down in the streets just pay always attention where you are walking... up
Bargaining and Shopping is part of Turkish culture. Before you purchase anything, try to get the prices down as low as possible. In most cases, just leave the shop or vendor and pretend to walk away, you will be probably invited back to his shop by the vendor asking what would be your best offer. Then, feel free to declare your own price for your purchase. Usually, bargaining margin starts from 10 % and may go up to 40%. Do not push more than possible, this will cause you to under estimate the value of the good. Bargaining could only be done in touristy areas, in local towns or new city and modern shopping malls no bargaining is possible. More on Shopping in Turkey... up
In touristy areas you may see some goods selling or shoe shining children, do not think they are homeless. They most probably have big families and they do help their family budget.
If you are annoyed by street vendors trying to sell something to you, don't look interested in their products and look the other way. Even if you start an innocent dialog, that might continue insisting to sell. up
If you like to contact or speak to local people especially kids, go ahead, they love it. Incase it seems to be an economic relation and some goods are trying to be sold (saying he would like to show you interesting things, or his shop or invite for a drink) just be careful this might not be a real hospitality.
Usually customs check at entry and departure ports is not strict. However, customs officials are authorized to check your hand bags and suitcases any time. If they request, you have to open up your bags and suitcases. More on custom regulations ... up
Antique pieces are not allowed to be taken out of the country, this is a serious crime and may need a heavy punishment, most probably imprisonment.
Use and traffic of any kind of drugs are not allowed and is illegal.
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